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authorPhilipp Tanlak <philipp.tanlak@gmail.com>2025-11-24 20:54:57 +0100
committerPhilipp Tanlak <philipp.tanlak@gmail.com>2025-11-24 20:57:48 +0100
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+## Any Promise
+
+[![Build Status](https://secure.travis-ci.org/kevinbeaty/any-promise.svg)](http://travis-ci.org/kevinbeaty/any-promise)
+
+Let your library support any ES 2015 (ES6) compatible `Promise` and leave the choice to application authors. The application can *optionally* register its preferred `Promise` implementation and it will be exported when requiring `any-promise` from library code.
+
+If no preference is registered, defaults to the global `Promise` for newer Node.js versions. The browser version defaults to the window `Promise`, so polyfill or register as necessary.
+
+### Usage with global Promise:
+
+Assuming the global `Promise` is the desired implementation:
+
+```bash
+# Install any libraries depending on any-promise
+$ npm install mz
+```
+
+The installed libraries will use global Promise by default.
+
+```js
+// in library
+var Promise = require('any-promise') // the global Promise
+
+function promiseReturningFunction(){
+ return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){...})
+}
+```
+
+### Usage with registration:
+
+Assuming `bluebird` is the desired Promise implementation:
+
+```bash
+# Install preferred promise library
+$ npm install bluebird
+# Install any-promise to allow registration
+$ npm install any-promise
+# Install any libraries you would like to use depending on any-promise
+$ npm install mz
+```
+
+Register your preference in the application entry point before any other `require` of packages that load `any-promise`:
+
+```javascript
+// top of application index.js or other entry point
+require('any-promise/register/bluebird')
+
+// -or- Equivalent to above, but allows customization of Promise library
+require('any-promise/register')('bluebird', {Promise: require('bluebird')})
+```
+
+Now that the implementation is registered, you can use any package depending on `any-promise`:
+
+
+```javascript
+var fsp = require('mz/fs') // mz/fs will use registered bluebird promises
+var Promise = require('any-promise') // the registered bluebird promise
+```
+
+It is safe to call `register` multiple times, but it must always be with the same implementation.
+
+Again, registration is *optional*. It should only be called by the application user if overriding the global `Promise` implementation is desired.
+
+### Optional Application Registration
+
+As an application author, you can *optionally* register a preferred `Promise` implementation on application startup (before any call to `require('any-promise')`:
+
+You must register your preference before any call to `require('any-promise')` (by you or required packages), and only one implementation can be registered. Typically, this registration would occur at the top of the application entry point.
+
+
+#### Registration shortcuts
+
+If you are using a known `Promise` implementation, you can register your preference with a shortcut:
+
+
+```js
+require('any-promise/register/bluebird')
+// -or-
+import 'any-promise/register/q';
+```
+
+Shortcut registration is the preferred registration method as it works in the browser and Node.js. It is also convenient for using with `import` and many test runners, that offer a `--require` flag:
+
+```
+$ ava --require=any-promise/register/bluebird test.js
+```
+
+Current known implementations include `bluebird`, `q`, `when`, `rsvp`, `es6-promise`, `promise`, `native-promise-only`, `pinkie`, `vow` and `lie`. If you are not using a known implementation, you can use another registration method described below.
+
+
+#### Basic Registration
+
+As an alternative to registration shortcuts, you can call the `register` function with the preferred `Promise` implementation. The benefit of this approach is that a `Promise` library can be required by name without being a known implementation. This approach does NOT work in the browser. To use `any-promise` in the browser use either registration shortcuts or specify the `Promise` constructor using advanced registration (see below).
+
+```javascript
+require('any-promise/register')('when')
+// -or- require('any-promise/register')('any other ES6 compatible library (known or otherwise)')
+```
+
+This registration method will try to detect the `Promise` constructor from requiring the specified implementation. If you would like to specify your own constructor, see advanced registration.
+
+
+#### Advanced Registration
+
+To use the browser version, you should either install a polyfill or explicitly register the `Promise` constructor:
+
+```javascript
+require('any-promise/register')('bluebird', {Promise: require('bluebird')})
+```
+
+This could also be used for registering a custom `Promise` implementation or subclass.
+
+Your preference will be registered globally, allowing a single registration even if multiple versions of `any-promise` are installed in the NPM dependency tree or are using multiple bundled JavaScript files in the browser. You can bypass this global registration in options:
+
+
+```javascript
+require('../register')('es6-promise', {Promise: require('es6-promise').Promise, global: false})
+```
+
+### Library Usage
+
+To use any `Promise` constructor, simply require it:
+
+```javascript
+var Promise = require('any-promise');
+
+return Promise
+ .all([xf, f, init, coll])
+ .then(fn);
+
+
+return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
+ try {
+ resolve(item);
+ } catch(e){
+ reject(e);
+ }
+});
+
+```
+
+Except noted below, libraries using `any-promise` should only use [documented](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) functions as there is no guarantee which implementation will be chosen by the application author. Libraries should never call `register`, only the application user should call if desired.
+
+
+#### Advanced Library Usage
+
+If your library needs to branch code based on the registered implementation, you can retrieve it using `var impl = require('any-promise/implementation')`, where `impl` will be the package name (`"bluebird"`, `"when"`, etc.) if registered, `"global.Promise"` if using the global version on Node.js, or `"window.Promise"` if using the browser version. You should always include a default case, as there is no guarantee what package may be registered.
+
+
+### Support for old Node.js versions
+
+Node.js versions prior to `v0.12` may have contained buggy versions of the global `Promise`. For this reason, the global `Promise` is not loaded automatically for these old versions. If using `any-promise` in Node.js versions versions `<= v0.12`, the user should register a desired implementation.
+
+If an implementation is not registered, `any-promise` will attempt to discover an installed `Promise` implementation. If no implementation can be found, an error will be thrown on `require('any-promise')`. While the auto-discovery usually avoids errors, it is non-deterministic. It is recommended that the user always register a preferred implementation for older Node.js versions.
+
+This auto-discovery is only available for Node.jS versions prior to `v0.12`. Any newer versions will always default to the global `Promise` implementation.
+
+### Related
+
+- [any-observable](https://github.com/sindresorhus/any-observable) - `any-promise` for Observables.
+